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#cell

9 posts5 participants1 post today
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Single power-law rheology of crowded cytoplasm in living cells"
arxiv.org/abs/2504.18922 #Physics.Bio-Ph #Mechanical #Cell

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arXiv.orgSingle power-law rheology of crowded cytoplasm in living cellsCytoplasmic viscoelasticity is crucial for various intracellular processes. However, the dynamic shear modulus, $G(ω)$, has been reported to vary considerably, often without consistent patterns or rules, even within the same cell. Thus, uncovering the physical basis of cytoplasmic rheology, and whether any universal feature exists, remains a major challenge. Here, we employed microrheology with a 3D feedback technique to minimize artifacts such as laser phototoxicity and examined cytoplasmic viscoelasticity across varied mechanical environments, cell types, and cytoskeletal disruptions. Unlike previous studies, a single power-law rheology $G(ω)\propto(-iω)^{0.5}$ was observed over a broad frequency range for all conditions except ATP depletion. While the vimentin cytoskeleton significantly contributed to steady shear viscosity measured by pulling a particle over large distances, cytoskeletal disruptions had only a minor effect on locally measured viscoelasticity. These findings demonstrate that molecular crowding governs the observed universality, providing a framework to systematically investigate cytoplasmic mechanics across diverse cellular contexts.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Preliminary design of a Cavity Tuner for Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity"
arxiv.org/abs/2504.16645 #Physics.Acc-Ph #Mechanical #Cell

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arXiv.orgPreliminary design of a Cavity Tuner for Superconducting Radio-Frequency CavityThis paper introduces a newly designed cavity tuner for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity. Aiming to overcome the drawbacks of traditional tuning systems, like the limited tuning range of piezoelectric tuner and the low-speed tuning of stepper-motor-based tuner, this novel tuner is crafted to improve SRF cavity performance and stability via efficient and accurate frequency tuning. The design encompasses several key elements. The cavity structure includes a commonly used 1.3 GHz single-cell superconducting cavity and a room-temperature coaxial tuner cavity. The coupling mechanism between the two cavities, along with the coupling window design, ensures effective energy transfer while minimizing losses. The mechanical tuning system, driven by electromagnetic coils, enables precise adjustments, and the cooling mechanisms for both cavities guarantee stable operation. Functioning by coupling an external resonant cavity to the superconducting one, this tuner can adjust frequencies through mechanical or electromagnetic methods. It realizes rapid tuning, with a speed much faster than traditional mechanical tuner, high-precision tuning down to the sub-mHz level, and a wide tuning range covering a broader frequency spectrum. Theoretical analysis and simulations verify that the tuner can remarkably enhance tuning speed, precision, and range. It also has distinct advantages such as a simplified structure, which reduces manufacturing and maintenance complexity, and enhanced reliability due to its non-contact tuning operation. In particle accelerators, this cavity tuner holds great potential. It represents a significant step forward in superconducting accelerator technology, offering a novel way to optimize the performance and stability of SRF cavity.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Mechanical cues rewire lipid metabolism and support chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3"
doi.org/doi:10.1186/s12964-025
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/402642
#Mechanical #Cell

BioMed CentralMechanical cues rewire lipid metabolism and support chemoresistance in epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3 and SKOV3 - Cell Communication and SignalingEpithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest cancers in women, and acquired chemoresistance is a major contributor of aggressive phenotypes. Overcoming treatment failure and disease recurrence is therefore an ambitious goal. Ovarian cancer develops in a biophysically challenging environment where the cells are constantly exposed to mechanical deformation originating in the abdomen and shear stress caused by the accumulation of ascitic fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, mechanical stimulation can be seen as an inseparable part of the tumor microenvironment. The role of biomechanics in shaping tumor metabolism is emerging and promises to be a real game changer in the field of cancer biology. Focusing on two different epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and OVCAR3), we explored the impact of shear stress on cellular behavior driven by mechanosensitive transcription factors (TFs). Here, we report data linking physical triggers to the alteration of lipid metabolism, ultimately supporting increased chemoresistance. Mechanistically, shear stress induced adaptation of cell membrane and actin cytoskeleton which were accompanied by the regulation of nuclear translocation of SREBP2 and YAP1. This was associated with increased cholesterol uptake/biosynthesis and decreased sensitivity to the ruthenium-based anticancer drug BOLD-100. Overall, the present study contributes to shedding light on the molecular pathways connecting mechanical cues, tumor metabolism and drug responsiveness.
Public
Rxiv mechanobio

📰 "Functional Amyloid Fibrils as Versatile Tools for Novel Biomaterials"
arxiv.org/abs/2504.15532 #Mechanical #Q-Bio.Bm #Cell

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arXiv.orgFunctional Amyloid Fibrils as Versatile Tools for Novel BiomaterialsFunctional amyloid fibrils, once primarily associated with amyloidosis, are now recognized for their exceptional potential as biomaterials due to their unique structural features, including remarkable mechanical strength, high stability, and self-assembly capabilities. This review highlights their transformative applications across a wide range of industries, from cutting-edge drug delivery systems and next-generation biosensors to tissue engineering, surface technologies, energy storage, and environmental solutions. Their versatility extends into innovative sectors like information transfer systems, cell adhesion, protein fusion, food technology, and novel catalytic systems. Despite significant progress, critical gaps remain in the research. This review not only consolidates current applications but also underscores the vast potential for future advancements, positioning functional amyloids as key players in emerging biomaterials technologies.
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