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#mushrooms

49 posts39 participants4 posts today

THE "VERY STABLE GENIUS" STRIKES AGAIN: #Trumps's Surgeon General Pick... #LOL...Said #Mushrooms Helped Her Find #Love....

PROVIDENCE, R.I. (AP) — President #DonaldTrump’s new pick for surgeon general wrote in a recent book that people should consider using unproven #PsychedelicDrugs as #Therapy and suggested her use of mushrooms helped her find a #RomanticPartner.

ILLEGAL DRUG USE?: Means’ use of #Psilocybin-assisted therapy is illegal under federal law...

apnews.com/article/means-trump

Fomitopsis mounceae

mushroomexpert.com/Fomitopsis_

Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of conifers and hardwoods; also sometimes parasitic on living trees; causing a brown cubical rot; growing alone or gregariously; perennial; originally described from Alberta, Canada; widespread in North America from roughly the 40th parallel northward. The illustrated and described collections are from California, Michigan, and Pennsylvania.

Cap: 7-24 cm across and 6-17 cm deep; more or less semicircular in outline; convex or, over the years, becoming hoof-shaped; with orange to red, varnished zones of color toward the margin (and overall when young); red to dark brownish red or gray-brown toward the point of attachment when mature; with a fairly thick white to pale yellowish marginal zone; varnished areas bubbling and melting with flame.

Pore Surface: Whitish to slightly yellowish; not bruising significantly—or, when older, bruising slowly yellowish to brownish; appearing "stuffed" when young; with 3-5 round pores per mm; annual tube layers usually fairly distinct, up to 1 cm deep.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Creamy; unchanging when sliced; faintly zoned; leathery to woody.

Odor: Strong and fragrant when fresh.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap, flesh, and pore surface red to brownish red.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-7 x 3.5-4.5 m; subellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cystidia sometimes present; 20-40 x 4-5 m; sublageniform to fusiform; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Hyphal system trimitic, with thin-walled generative hyphae, thick-walled skeletal hyphae, and branching, thick-walled binding hyphae.

Crepidotus calolepis

mushroomexpert.com/Crepidotus_

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone or gregariously on the deadwood of oaks and other hardwoods; originally described from Sweden (Fries 1873) and neotypified from Estonia (Senn-Irlet 1995); widely distributed in Europe and in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from California and Illinois.

Cap: 1-5 cm across; 1-3 cm deep; semicircular or fan-shaped; convex; with scattered, fine brown fibrils; moist or dry; whitish to yellowish or brownish under the fibrils; fading with age.

Gills: Close; radiating; close; short-gills frequent; whitish when young, becoming dull brown with maturity.

Stem: Absent.

Flesh: Thin; slightly rubbery; watery whitish; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface dull reddish; on gills red.

Spore Print: Brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 7-10 x 5-6 m; ellipsoid to subamygdaliform; virtually smooth; yellowish to brownish in KOH. Basidia 18-25 x 4-6 m; 4-sterigmate. Pleurocystidia not found. Cheilocystidia 30-60 x 3-5 m; cylindric-flexuous with rounded or clavate apices; occasionally slightly irregular; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Pileipellis a cutis; elements 5-12 m wide, encrusted, brownish in KOH; exserted terminal cells cylindric with rounded or clavate apices. Subcuticular zone about 70 m thick, composed of gelatinized hyphae. Clamp connections not found.

Cortinarius croceus

mushroomexpert.com/Cortinarius

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with conifers; growing alone or scattered, often in dry areas; summer and fall; widely distributed in North America.

Cap: 1.5-8 cm; convex or nearly conical at first, becoming broadly convex, flat, or broadly bell-shaped, sometimes with a sharp central bump; dry; silky; yellowish brown to olive brown, often aging to dark brown, especially over the center; the margin often more yellowish.

Gills: Attached to the stem but often pulling away from it in age; close or crowded; yellow at first (orangish in some varieties), becoming cinnamon to rusty; covered by a yellowish cortina when young; sometimes spotting and discoloring reddish brown.

Stem: 3-7 cm long; up to 1 cm thick at the apex; more or less equal; dry; silky with brownish fibers; yellowish above, sometimes olive brown to reddish brown below; sometimes with a rusty ring zone; basal mycelium pale yellow.

Flesh: Yellowish.

Odor: Radishlike or not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap surface red, then dark red to black.

Spore Print: Rusty brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6.5-9 x 4.5-6 ; ellipsoid; slightly to moderately roughened. Some basidia with reddish to purplish or reddish brown contents. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a cutis.

Omphalotus olearius

mushroomexpert.com/Omphalotus_

Ecology: Saprobic; growing in large clusters on the stumps or buried roots of hardwoods, especially olive trees; late summer and fall; originally described from France (de Candolle, 1815); distribnuted in central and southern Europe. The illustrated and described collection is from Italy.

Cap: 4-12 cm; at first broadly convex, but soon becoming shallowly to moderately depressed; not usually featuring a central bump; bald; dry or slightly greasy; bright brownish orange to yellowish orange—or in some collections reddish orange or nearly brown; the margin slightly inrolled when young.

Gills: Running down the stem; close; orange; with many short-gills; luminescent when fresh.

Stem: 3.5-9 cm long; 1-2 cm thick; tapering to base; solid; bald; pale orange to orange.

Flesh: Pale orange; unchanging when sliced.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Spore Print Whitish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 5-7 x 4-6 m; sublacrymoid to subglobose; smooth; hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Cystidia not found. Pileipellis a cutis of clamped, cylindric elements 5-10 m wide; green in KOH. Refractive elements not found in the pileipellis and subpellis.

REFERENCES: (de Candolle, 1815) Singer, 1948. (Fries, 1821; Phillips, 1981; Moser, 1983; Nonis, 2001; Kirchmair & Pöder, 2002; Kirchmair et al., 2002; Kirchmair et al., 2004; Gminder & Böhning, 2017.) Herb. Kuo 10161402.

Agrocybe firma

mushroomexpert.com/Agrocybe_fi

Ecology: Saprobic; growing in small to large clusters (rarely alone) on the deadwood of hardwoods; spring through fall; widely distributed and fairly common east of the Great Plains; very rarely reported from Colorado, California, and the Pacific Northwest; also found in Europe. The illustrated and described collection is from Illinois.

Cap: 3-6.5 cm; convex at first, becoming broadly convex; tacky; bald; dark brown when young, maturing to yellow brown; the margin not lined.

Gills: Narrowly attached to the stem; close; short-gills frequent; whitish at first, becoming dull brown.

Stem: 6-8 cm long and 0.5-1 cm thick; more or less equal; distinctively longitudinally ridged with fibrils and aggregations of fibrils that are initially whitish but become brown (reminiscent of scabers in the genus Leccinum); ground color medium brown; without a ring; basal mycelium and rhizomorphs prominent, white.

Flesh: White; unchanging when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Mealy.

Spore Print: Dark brown.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6.5-8 x 4-5 m; more or less ellipsoid; smooth; thick-walled; with a tiny pore; yellow-brown in KOH; collapsed and brownish in Melzer's. Basidia 4-sterigmate. Cheilocystidia 20-35 x 7.5-10 m; fusiform to widely fusiform or irregular; often with a subcapitate apex; abundant; hyaline in KOH; smooth; thin-walled. Pleurocystidia 25-40 x 12.5-17.5 m; widely utriform, with a swollen upper section; smooth; thin-walled; hyaline in KOH. Lamellar trama parallel. Pileipellis hymeniform with scattered pileocystidia; elements golden to yellow-brownish in KOH; pileocystidia primarily fusiform, sometimes with a slightly swollen or nearly capitate apex, projecting only slightly beyond the clavate to ob-pyriform elements of the turf. Clamp connections present.

Chlorophyllum brunneum

mushroomexpert.com/Chlorophyll

Ecology: Saprobic; growing alone, scattered, or gregariously in gardens, waste places, and lawns, or in greenhouses; sometimes forming fairy rings; summer and fall, or over winter in coastal California; common on the West Coast and in the Denver area; rare in northeastern North America (see discussion above). The illustrated and described collections are from California.

Cap: 7-12 cm; convex to blocky-convex when young, expanding to broadly convex or nearly flat; dry; bald and dull grayish brown when in the button stage, but soon becoming scaly with brown to gray-brown scales; surface beneath scales radially fibrillose and whitish.

Gills: Free from the stem; crowded; short-gills present; whitish; occasionally with brownish edges.

Stem: 8-17 cm long; 1.5-2.5 cm thick; more or less equal above an abruptly swollen base that often features a rimmed upper edge; dry; finely fibrillose; whitish, discoloring dull brown; with a fairly tough, thick ring that is not two-layered but features a felty brown underside.

Flesh: Whitish throughout; staining reddish orange to reddish or brownish when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 9-12 x 6-8 ; ellipsoid with a markedly truncated end; walls 1-2 thick; hyaline in KOH; dextrinoid. Cheilocystidia to about 50 x 20 ; abundant; clavate; not swollen; hyaline in KOH; thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Pileipellis a trichoderm (center of cap, or scales) or cutis (whitish, fibrillose surface).

Melanogaster broomeanus

mushroomexpert.com/Melanogaste

Ecology: Mycorrhizal with a variety of hardwoods; growing gregariously, often in disturbed-ground settings (roadsides, gardens, urban locations); summer and fall; originally described from England and France; widespread in Europe; in the United States reported from the West Coast to Texas and the Midwest. The illustrated and described collection is from Illinois.

Fruiting Body: 2-4.5 cm across; 1.5-3 cm high; irregularly round and lumpy. Outer surface at first yellowish but soon brown to dark brown; bald to the naked eye but with a sub-felty texture when rubbed. Interior chambered with pockets of dark gray to black between thin, whitish to yellowish walls; hard; becoming thinly slimy with development.

Odor: Sweet and thick; nutty; strong.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on outer surface instantly black.

Spore Print: Not obtainable.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-9 x 3-5 m; subellipsoid to subcylindric, shaped like elongated ticks, with one end slightly truncated; often with sterigmal attachments adhering; thick-walled; reddish brown in KOH. Hyphae of the peridium 3-8 (-10) m thick; smooth; walls under 0.5 m thick; reddish brown in KOH; with clamp connections.

Hericium coralloides

mushroomexpert.com/Hericium_co

Ecology: Saprobic and possibly parasitic; growing alone or gregariously on fallen hardwood branches and stumps; late summer and fall, or over winter and in spring in warmer climates; apparently widely distributed in North America. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Michigan, and Minnesota.

Fruiting Body: 8-20 cm across; consisting of branches arising from a more or less central core that is attached to the wood; branches 0.5-1 cm thick, smooth, adorned with fleshy spines; spines 0.5-1 cm long, up to 1 mm wide, white when fresh, becoming faintly yellowish to brownish in old age.

Flesh: White; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 3-4 x 2.5-3.5 m; globose; smooth or minutely roughened; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; amyloid. Basidia 16-20 x 3-4 m; subclavate; 4-sterigmate. Gloeoplerous hyphae present, sometimes extending into hymenium to become cystidia (up to 40 x 5 m, cylindric with knobbed apices, smooth, thin-walled).

Marasmius pulcherripes

mushroomexpert.com/Marasmius_p

Ecology: Saprobic on needle duff of eastern white pine and other conifers, and sometimes found growing from hardwoods leaf litter; growing gregariously; summer and fall; apparently widely distributed in eastern North America.

Cap: 0.5-2 cm; at first bell-shaped or convex, often with a central nipple; later broadly bell-shaped, convex, or nearly flat; pleated; smooth or minutely roughened; dry; pink or pinkish brown (occasionally brownish orange), fading with age but retaining a darker center.

Gills: Attached to the stem or free from it; rarely attached by means of a "collar"; distant or nearly so; white or pinkish.

Stem: 2-6 cm long; less than 1 mm thick; equal; dry; wiry; often curved; pale pinkish at the extreme apex, darkening downwards by degrees to a reddish brown or black base; smooth; basal mycelium white.

Flesh: Thin; insubstantial.

Odor and Taste: Taste mild, slightly bitter, or radishlike; odor not distinctive.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 11-15 x 3-4 ; smooth; somewhat irregular but more or less spindle-shaped; often with one end pointier than the other. Pleurocystidia variously shaped (cylindric to fusoid-ventricose); hyaline; to about 60 x 10 . Cheilocystidia as broom cells to about 25 x 10 ; dextrinoid. Pileipellis a hymeniform layer of broom cells.